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Science Experiments History
Science Experiments Throughout Time
The Timeline
below shows the date of publication of major scientific experiments.
240 BC - Eratosthenes measures the earth's circumference
16?? - Galileo Galilei use rolling balls to disprove the
Aristotelian theory of motion
1609 - Galileo Galilei observes moons of Jupiter in support of the
heliocentric model
1665 - Robert Hooke, using a microscope, observes cells
1676 - Ole Rømer measures the speed of light for the first time.
1798 - Henry Cavendish: Torsion bar experiment to measure the
gravitational constant
1796 - Edward Jenner tests the first vaccine
1801 - Thomas Young: double-slit experiment showing Wave-particle
duality
1820 - Hans Christian Orsted discovers the connection of
electricity and magnetism
1843 - James Prescott Joule measures the equivalence between
mechanical work and heat, resulting in the Law of Conservation of energy
1845 - Christian Doppler demonstrates the Doppler Shift
1851 - Léon Foucault uses Foucault pendulum is to demonstrate the
rotation of the earth
1861 - Louis Pasteur disproves the theory of Spontaneous generation
1863 - Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiments (Mendel's Laws of
inheritance)
1887 - Heinrich Hertz discovers the photoelectric effect
1887 - Michelson and Morley: Michelson-Morley experiment, showing
that the speed of light is invariant
1896 - Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity
1897 - Joseph John Thomson's discovers the electron
1909 - Robert Millikan: oil-drop experiment which suggests that
electric charge occurs as quanta (the electron)
1911 - Ernest Rutherford's Gold foil experiment determines the
shape of the atom
1911 - Onnes: Superconductivity
1919 - Arthur Eddington: Our sun as gravitational lens, a proof of
the Theory of relativity
1920 - Otto Stern and Walter Gerlach conduct the Stern-Gerlach
experiment, which demonstrates particle spin
1920 - John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner conduct the Little Albert
experiment
1928 - Griffith's experiment shows that living cells can be
transformed via a transforming principle, later discovered to be DNA
1934 - Enrico Fermi splits the atom
1940 - Karl von Frisch decodes the "dance" honeybees use to
communicate the location of flowers
1944 - Barbara McClintock breeds maize plants for color, which
leads to the discovery of jumping genes
1947 - John Bardeen and Walter Brittain fabricate the first working
transistor
1951 - Solomon Asch shows how group pressure can persuade an
individual to conform to an obviously wrong opinion
1952 - Alfred Hersey & Martha Chase: Hershey-Chase experiment
proves that DNA is the hereditary material
1953 - Stanley L. Miller & Harold C. Urey: Miller-Urey experiment
demonstrates that organic compounds can arise spontaneously from inorganic
ones
1955 - Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines confirm the existence of
the neutrino in the neutrino experiment
1958 - Meselson-Stahl experiment proves that DNA replication is
semiconservative
-1960 _ B.F. Skinner's demonstrations of operant conditioning
1961 - Crick, Brenner et al. experiment
1961 - Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment
1964 - Nirenberg and Leder experiment
1965 - Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson: Cosmic microwave background
radiation, evidence of the Big Bang
1970 - Allan and Beatrice Gardner ' teach American Sign Language to
the chimpanzee Washoe
1974 - Stanley Milgram: Milgram experiment on obedience to
authority
1995 - Eric A. Cornell and Carl E. Wieman synthesize Bose-Einstein
condensate
2002 - Raymond Davis Jr. & Masatoshi Koshiba: detection of cosmic
neutrinos, showing that neutrinos have a mass
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